Women's abdomen

Here you can find information about diseases, symptoms, and health related to the women’s abdomen.

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Written by

Picture of Philipp Skafte-Holm
Philipp Skafte-Holm

Læge

Bjarne Lühr Hansen
Bjarne Lühr Hansen

Praktiserende læge, ph.d.

Last edited on March 20, 2026

Click on the person where the problem is located.

Diseases

Blood in the urine – women

Visible blood in the urine can have several different causes but cystitis is a frequent cause. You should always consult a doctor to rule out inflammation,

Cell Changes

A smear test from your cervix can show whether you have cell changes. Cell changes are not the same as cancer but in rare cases it can develop into cancer, if

Childlessness

Involuntary childlessness can be connected to emotions like lack in confidence (is anything wrong with me as a man or a woman?) and guilt (is it my fault?). That kind of negative emotions can lead to anger and allegations directed towards the partner. Therefore, involuntary childlessness is a big challenge for most couples. Many do […]

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted disease in Denmark. Most women and men who are infected with chlamydia do not notice anything about the

Contraception

There are two types of protection against pregnancy – barriers and hormones. The most effective contraception is available with hormones. Unfortunately,

Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are so common that they can be characterised as a condition not an illness. Haemorrhoids are bulges of the mucous membranes of the intestine that

Interrupted Menstrual Cycle

Most women experience that their menstruations vary in strength and are not regular every time. It is normal and should not give rise to worry or closer

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is common and lifelong. The symptoms are stomach pains, a bloated sensation and varying defecations. You can soothe the pains with a

Menstrual disruptions

Menstrual disruptions with women are divided into regular but very powerful menstruations (menorrhagia) and completely irregular menstruations (metrorrhagia). Powerful menstruations (menorrhagia). In the case of menorrhagia, the time interval between the bleedings are regular but the bleeding are lengthy and powerful. Menorrhagia is common and is seen with 20% of women in the age of […]

Menstrual Pain

Half of all women are significantly affected by menstrual pain. In young women painkillers are effective. Older women should be investigated more closely to

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease can arise following an abortion or birth. However, also women with changing partner who do not use a condom have a risk of

Symptoms

Blood in the urine – women

Visible blood in the urine can have several different causes but cystitis is a frequent cause. You should always consult a doctor to rule out inflammation,

Discharge

There will always be some secrete or discharge from your vagina; it is natural and should not be treated. On the contrary, you discharge protects your vagina from harmful bacteria and fungi. However, in Denmark alone, more than 200.000 women seek help with their doctor every year because they are bothered by discharged from the […]

Interrupted Menstrual Cycle

Most women experience that their menstruations vary in strength and are not regular every time. It is normal and should not give rise to worry or closer

Menstrual disruptions

Menstrual disruptions with women are divided into regular but very powerful menstruations (menorrhagia) and completely irregular menstruations (metrorrhagia). Powerful menstruations (menorrhagia). In the case of menorrhagia, the time interval between the bleedings are regular but the bleeding are lengthy and powerful. Menorrhagia is common and is seen with 20% of women in the age of […]

Overactive Bladder

Sudden urge to urinate where you may not reach the toilet and frequent urination. You can do something about overactive bladder yourself by exercising your bladder, exercising your pelvic floor, losing weight, adjusting drinking habits and by counteracting constipation. Exercising your bladderBecause of the fear of involuntary urination you seek to urinate every time you […]

Health

Avoid Pregnancy

For most people the need to protect themselves from pregnancy is relevant for the most part of their lives. The method does not necessarily have to be the same throughout life. When you are young, you may choose condom and contraceptive pills; when you have had children, you may change to a coil and later […]

Childlessness

Involuntary childlessness can be connected to emotions like lack in confidence (is anything wrong with me as a man or a woman?) and guilt (is it my fault?). That kind of negative emotions can lead to anger and allegations directed towards the partner. Therefore, involuntary childlessness is a big challenge for most couples. Many do […]

Coils (IUDs)

Many women choose coils as protection against pregnancy. After the development of the newest coil – the IUS – even more are expected to choose it. The coil is put in place by a general practitioner or at a birth control clinic. How does it work? The effect of the copper coil relies on several […]

Condom

There are many different types of condoms. Some are very thin and others extra strong. Condoms are even found in different forms, colours, types and taste. Some condoms also come with spermicide crème. The condom is often sealed with a lubricant that in part makes it easier to put on and in part reduces the […]

Contraceptive Implant

The contraceptive implant consists of a plastic rod (4 cm long and 2 mm wide) that contains the same hormone as mini-pills. The hormone is slowly released from the rod. The rod is placed under the skin on the inside of the upper arm and lasts for three years. Further reading on Vaginal ring

Contraceptive Patch

The contraceptive patch contains the same hormones as the contraceptive pill. The patch is worn for 1 week and then changed on the same weekday it was put on. Three patches are used consecutively whereafter there is a break of one week without using the patch. In the week without the patch there is normally […]

Contraceptive Pills

Contraceptive pills are the most common method for avoiding pregnancy. Especially young women use contraceptive pill. Contraceptive pills contain the two hormones oestrogen and progestin. The composition of hormones varies with brands. Some contraceptive pills have a very low content of hormones without it affecting the safety. In all packages there are instructions. Read them […]

Diaphragm

Diaphragm is bought at the pharmacy. However, first you must be measured for the diaphragm. This can take place at a general practitioner or at a birth control clinic. After a gynaecological examination the doctor tries which diaphragm fits best. Hereafter, the woman must learn to insert the diaphragm, control that it is correctly in […]

Discharge

There will always be some secrete or discharge from your vagina; it is natural and should not be treated. On the contrary, you discharge protects your vagina from harmful bacteria and fungi. However, in Denmark alone, more than 200.000 women seek help with their doctor every year because they are bothered by discharged from the […]

Discontinued Intercourse (Coitus Interruptus)

Discontinued intercourse is probably the most common method in the entire world. It is a method that all couples probably have experience with at one point or another in their life.How does it work?Penis is withdrawn from the vagina before the man ejaculates, to prevent sperm from entering the vagina. SafetyIf the method is used […]

Emergency Contraception

Using emergency contraception (also called the morning-after pill) is not an alternative to real methods of contraception and should only be used in particular emergencies. For that purpose there are too many side effects and the degree of safety is too low but it is of course better than nothing at all. The method of […]

Mini-Pills

Mini-pills are not used as frequently as regular contraceptive pills. This is in part because mini-pills must be taken at the exact same time every day and in part because more than half of the women have disruptions in their menstrual bleedings. How do they work? Mini-pills make the mucous in the uterine cervix so […]

Overactive Bladder

Sudden urge to urinate where you may not reach the toilet and frequent urination. You can do something about overactive bladder yourself by exercising your bladder, exercising your pelvic floor, losing weight, adjusting drinking habits and by counteracting constipation. Exercising your bladderBecause of the fear of involuntary urination you seek to urinate every time you […]

Pregnancy – What does it take?

It gives food for thought that 2/3 of all abortions are caused by not using or lack of knowledge and misunderstandings concerning the usage and security of methods for protection against pregnancy. This clearly shows that there is a need for information. It is our hope that this section may help. A pregnancy arises as […]

Safe Periods

This method is probably known to most people who are in a steady relationship. The combination of discontinued intercourse and safe periods are probably used frequently.How does it work? If the couple only has intercourse at those times when there is no egg, the woman cannot become pregnant. Ovulation normally happens 14 days before the […]

Should I go to the Doctor?

This is how a woman tells about her problems: ‘It has something to do with modesty. You absolutely feel less feminine with this problem. It is very humiliating. Yes, it can feel so humiliating that you would not dream of asking for help – in spite of it being so bad.’ Only one in every […]

Side Effects

Medication without side effects do not exist. The most important is how frequent the side effects occur and how serious they are. The methods can be divided in the following way: No side effects: Disconnected intercourse and safe periods. Few side effects, but not serious: Condom, diaphragm and male sterilisation Frequent side effects but not […]

Spermicides

Spermicides are most often used together with diaphragm and condom. However, it is possible to use spermicide as the only protection – but it is a very unsafe method. How do they work? The crème is inserted into the vagina before intercourse. The crème destroys the sperm so that they cannot move and enter the […]

Sterilisation

Women can only be sterilised at a hospital while men can be sterilised with private specialists. How does it work? Women are sterilised by lacing together the fallopian tubes so that the egg cannot meet any sperm. The procedure takes place under general anaesthesia during admission. There are extremely few complications connected to the procedure […]

Table

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The Doctor’s Treatment

The Doctor’s TreatmentScientific studies have shown that 70% of all women with urinary incontinence can be treated with a good result by their general practitioner. Once in a while there may be a need for referring you to a specialist of urinary incontinence. Further reading on What can the doctor do?

Unwanted Pregnancy

Emergency contraception can lessen your risk of unwanted pregnancy. Emergency contraception should at the latest be used three days after the intercourse. It is for ‘emergencies’ and should only be used few times. Tightness across the chest, nausea and vomiting are the most frequent side effects after using emergency contraception. If you after an intercourse […]

Urinary Incontinence (UI) – Women

For many women, ‘leaking’ is not something you talk about. Some do not perceive it as a real illness but something that comes with age. Others believe that you cannot do anything about it. However, there is no reason to be bothered by urinary incontinence for years. Of course, the remedy that makes urinary incontinence […]

Vaginal Ring

The vaginal ring is shaped like a little diaphragm and contains the same hormones as the contraceptive pill. The ring is inserted in the vagina and here the hormones are slowly released. The ring should stay in for three week whereafter it is removed with a break of one week where you normally have your […]

What kind of Protection is there?

In this sections the different methods of contraception are gone through. For every method it is described how the method works, how safe it is and what disadvantages and advantages the method has. Further reading on Disconnected intercourse (coitus interruptus)

What should I do if it still goes wrong?

There are different reasons for why it may go wrong. The most frequent causes are: The first intercourse where young people are not properly prepared and go through with intercourse without protection Unprotected intercourse with couples that normally use a condom, diaphragm or disconnected intercourse The condom broke or semen ‘leaked’ when the condom was […]

What to avoid?

Illness/Condition – Avoid Frequent cases of cystitis – Diaphragm, spermicide and vaginal ring. Frequent cases of infections in the vagina – Diaphragm and vaginal ring. Allergic to rubber – Condom, diaphragm and vaginal ring. Weak vagina or prolapsed uterus – Diaphragm. Frequent cases of inflammation in the abdomen – Coil and spermicide. Powerful and painful […]

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